本帖最後由 NEO 於 2016-11-13 12:23 編輯
The Industrial Revolution 4.0 began 工業革命4.0開始。 UN Report: Robots Will Replace Two-Thirds of All Workers in the Developing World. 聯合國報告：機器人將取代發展中國家所有工人的三分之二。 Not only will 75 percent of jobs go to automation, but the developing world may even see swaths of companies leaving their shores since labor will be less of a factor for industry. Plans, such as a universal basic income, need to be initiated before this process proliferates and these regions are plunged into even more dire circumstances. 75％的工作不僅會改用自動化，而且發展中國家甚至可能會看到一些公司離開自己的海岸，因為勞動力將不是工業的一個因素。 需要在這一進程激增之前啟動諸如普遍基本收入等計劃，這些地區陷入更加可怕的環境。 LABOR-COST ADVANTAGE? From recent reports, it may seem like automation only affects those in developed countries. But a report from the UN Conference on Trade and Development says that it might also affect those in developing countries, likely, even more so. 勞動力成本優勢？ 從最近的報告看，自動化似乎只影響發達國家的人口。 但是，聯合國貿易和發展會議的一份報告說，它也可能影響到發展中國家的情況，甚至更多。 The report explains that, “The increased use of robots in developed countries risks eroding the traditional labor-cost advantage of developing countries.” It cites another report from the World Bank that states: “The share of occupations that could experience significant automation is actually higher in developing countries than in more advanced ones, where many of these jobs have already disappeared.” This means that low-skill jobs in developing countries are more vulnerable since these jobs could also be done by robots, thus displacing human low-skill labor in these countries. This translates to about “two thirds of all jobs” developing countries might lose to automation. 該報告解釋說，“發達國家越來越多地使用機器人，可能會削弱發展中國家傳統的勞動力成本優勢。”世界銀行另一份報告指出：“部分職業實際上可能經歷重大自動化 ，發展中國家的其他許多工作已經消失了。“這意味著發展中國家的低技能工作更加脆弱，因為這些工作也可以由機器人完成，從而取代人類低技能勞動力 在這些國家。 這意味著大約有“三分之二的工作”在發展中國家中因自動化而失去。 It states that automation could run the risk of having economic activity, like the manufacturing industry, be reshored to developed countries from developing ones. Reshoring is the act of bringing back domestic manufacturing to a country. It is already happening today but according to the report, it’s happening in a slow pace. 它指出，自動化可能冒著像經濟活動一樣的風險，如製造業，從發展中國家重新發展到發達國家再資助。即是將國內製造業帶回一個國家的行為。 它已經在今天發生，但根據報告，它發生在一個緩慢的步伐。 MAINTAINING HUMAN JOBS This, of course, brings up the issue of alleviating the impact that the robots have on the developing world. According to the report, “outcomes will be shaped by policies.” It advises these countries to embrace the “digital revolution” through the changing of educational policies combined with “supportive macroeconomic, industrial and social policies.” The report says that it might even help developing countries catch-up through the possibility to manufacture on a large scale. 維持人類工作 這當然帶來了減輕機器人對發展中世界的影響的問題。 根據該報告，“成果將由政策塑造”。它建議這些國家通過改變教育政策，結合“支持性宏觀經濟，工業和社會政策”來接受“數位革命”。報告說， 幫助發展中國家能力通過大規模製造潮流。 Another solution could be to introduce Universal Basic Income. It will and is already being debated right now as some experts in various industries are pushing for it. It is being tested now so we could only watch out for its results. 另一個解決方案是引入普遍基本收入(最低工資)。 由於各行業的一些專家正在推動它，現在正在進行辯論。 它正在測試，所以我們只能注意其發展結果。 “Disruptive technologies always bring a mix of benefits and risks,” the report says. We should always weigh in the risks these technologies bring while at the same time, exploring new ways to better our society with it. “破壞性技術總是混合好處和風險的，”報告說。 我們應該總是要平衡這些技術帶來的風險，同時探索新的方式來改善我們的社會。
http://futurism.com/un-report-robots-will-replace-two-thirds-of-all-workers-in-the-developing-world/
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